BAHA'I
FAITH
Divine Teacher: Bahá'u'lláh,
"The Glory Of God" (1817-1892 A.D.)
Seed Idea: UNIVERSALITY - UNITY
/
Foretold New Day / New Creation / New Light / Dawn of Cycle of Maturity
/ Beginning of World Transformation / Oneness Of All Prophets and
Mankind / All Things Made New / New World Order / New Birth / Heroic
Age / Formative Age / The World is One / Equality of Sexes / Universal
Education / Foretold One To Come.
Civilization
Progress: Age
Of Science, Atomic, Electronic, Supersonic, Nuclear, Space - Control
of Natural Forces - Apocolyptic Upheavels - Swing World Material to
Spiritual World - Rule-Dom of Man, Will-Dom of God - Civil War in
USA 1861-1865 - World Wars - United Nations 1945 - USSR 1917 - Key
to Archeology - Universal Peace, Law and Order of Baha'u'llah Established
- Disintegration of Old Cycle - Unrolling of The Great Baha'i Cycle
Of Light - Physical Progress - Unfolding Of Kingdom Of God Upon the
Earth, Spiritual Progress, Expansion,
Liberation, Awakening, Spiritual, Mental - "Worlds Unspeakably
Glorious Will be Unrolled Before Your Eyes" - "This Is The
Day That Shall Not Be Followed By Night" -
Baha'u'llha
Origin: Persia
The Bahá'í Faith is, the second most widespread of
the world's independent religions. The religion came to North America
in 1893. Bahá'í communities around the globe have been working to
break down barriers of prejudice between peoples and have collaborated
with other like-minded groups to promote the model of a global society.
Bahá'í statements and views on peace, global prosperity, governance
at the international level, and the future of humanity as one people.
Bahá'í involvement around the globe in the areas of social and moral
development, human rights, and the advancement of women. Siyyid 'Ali-Muhammad
(1819-1850 CE) assumed the title Bab which means the Gate. In 1844-MAY-23
He announced the "Declaration of the Bab." He explained that the purpose
of His mission was to herald the arrival of "One greater than Himself",
Who would fulfill the prophetic expectations of all the great religions.
Mirza Husayn-'Ali-i-Nuri (1817-1892), a prominent follower of the
Bab began proclaiming his station openly and publicly to the world
at large. His assumed title, Baha'u'llah, by which He is generally
known, was the title the Bab used to refer to Him. The last forty
years of Baha'u'llah's life were spent in prison or in exile. The
last 22 years were spent in or near Acre, then a prison city. The
world headquarters of the Bahá'í Faith is located in the Holy Land
today as a result. Bahá'u'lláh taught that there is one God whose
successive revelations of His will to humanity have been the chief
civilizing force in history. The agents of this process have been
the Divine Messengers whom people have seen chiefly as the founders
of separate religious systems but whose common purpose has been to
bring the human race to spiritual and moral maturity. Humanity is
now coming of age. It is this that makes possible the unification
of the human family and the building of a peaceful, global society.
Among the principles which the Baha'i Faith promotes as vital to the
achievement of this goal are the abandonment of all forms of prejudice
Bahá'u'lláh gave special attention to the problem of prejudice. At
the heart of His message is a call for mutual understanding and fellowship
among nations, cultures, and peoples. There is, Bahá'u'lláh insists,
only one human race. Assertions that a particular group of people
is in some way superior to the rest of humanity are without foundation.
Prejudice--whether based on race, ethnicity, nationality, religion,
or class--is a baneful heritage that must be overcome if humanity
is to create a peaceful and just global society. ; assurance to women
of full equality of opportunity with men "The emancipation of women,
the achievement of full equality between the sexes, is one of the
most important, though less acknowledged prerequisites of peace. The
denial of such equality perpetrates an injustice against one half
of the world's population and promotes in men harmful attitudes and
habits that are carried from the family to the workplace, to political
life, and ultimately to international relations. There are no grounds,
moral, practical, or biological, upon which such denial can be justified.
Only as women are welcomed into full partnership in all fields of
human endeavor will the moral and psychological climate be created
in which international peace can emerge." ; recognition of the unity
and relativity of religious truth ; the elimination of extremes of
poverty and wealth ; the realization of universal education ; the
responsibility of each person to independently search for truth Bahá'u'lláh
emphasizes the fundamental obligation of human beings to acquire knowledge
with their "own eyes and not through the eyes of others." ; the establishment
of a global commonwealth of nations recognition that true religion
is in harmony with reason and the pursuit of scientific knowledge.
When religion, shorn of its superstitions, traditions, and unintelligent
dogmas, shows its conformity with science, then will there be a great
unifying, cleansing force in the world which will sweep before it
all wars, disagreements, discords and struggles--and then will mankind
be united in the power of the Love of God. Bahá'u'lláh's central message
for humanity in this day is one of unity and justice. "The best beloved
of all things in My sight is justice," He wrote, and "The earth is
but one country, and mankind its citizens" in two often-quoted passages.
He also stated, "The well-being of mankind, its peace and security,
are unattainable unless and until its unity is firmly established."
This is the prescription of God, the divine and all-knowing Physician,
for our ailing world.
This is the Day in which God's most excellent favors have been
poured out upon men, the Day in which His most mighty grace hath been
infused into all created things. It is incumbent upon all the peoples
of the world to reconcile their differences, and, with perfect unity
and peace, abide beneath the shadow of the Tree of His care and loving-kindness.
It behoveth them to cleave to whatsoever will, in this Day, be conducive
to the exaltation of their stations, and to the promotion of their
best interests. Happy are those whom the all-glorious Pen was moved
to remember, and blessed are those men whose names, by virtue of Our
inscrutable decree, We have preferred to conceal.
(The
Promise of All Ages)
BUDDHISM
Divine
Teacher: Siddhartha Gautama who became known as
Buddha,
"The Enlightened One." (568-488 B.C.)
Seed Idea: PEACE WITHIN /
Brotherhood of Man / Mystical / Healing / Philosophy &
Tradition / Foretold One To Come.
Civilization
Progress: Building of Great Wall of China - TajMahal
Pearl Mosque - Persian wars - Decay of Persian Empire - Moslem Invasion
of India - Individualism, Decrease in Idol Worship - Power of Caste
System.
Origin: India
Buddhism has no omnipotent, creator God who exists
apart from this or any other universe. Belief in a God of that kind
is not part of Buddhism. The Buddha was born Siddhartha Gautama, a
prince of the Sakya tribe of Nepal, in approximately 566 BC. When
he was twentynine years old, he left the comforts of his home to seek
the meaning of the suffering he saw around him. After six years of
arduous yogic training, he abandoned the way of self-mortification
and instead sat in mindful meditation beneath a bodhi tree. On the
full moon of May, with the rising of the morning star, Siddhartha
Gautama became the Buddha, the enlightened one. The Buddha wandered
the plains of northeastern India for 45 years more, teaching the path
or Dharma he had realized in that moment. Around him developed a community
or Sangha of monks and, later, nuns, drawn from every tribe and caste,
devoted to practicing this path. In approximately 486 BC, at the age
of 80, the Buddha died. His last words are said to be... Impermanent
are all created things; Strive on with awareness. Today, it is believed
that there are more than 300 million Buddhists in the world, including
at least a quarter million in Europe, and a half million each in North
and South America. I say "at least" because other estimates go as
high as three million in the U.S. alone! Whatever the numbers may
be, Buddhism is the fourth largest religion in the world, after Christianity,
Islam, and Hinduism. And, although it has suffered considerable setbacks
over the centuries, it seems to be attracting more and more people,
as a religion or a philosophy of life. The Pancha Shila, or five moral
precepts: 1. Avoid killing, or harming any living thing. 2. Avoid
stealing -- taking what is not yours to take. 3. Avoid sexual irresponsibility,
which for monks and nuns means celibacy. 4. Avoid lying, or any hurtful
speech. 5. Avoid alcohol and drugs which diminish clarity of consciousness.
To these, monks and nuns add... 6. One simple meal a day, before noon.
7. Avoid frivolous entertainments. 8. Avoid self-adornment. 9. Use
a simple bed and seat. 10. Avoid the use of money. Full monastic life
adds over two hundred more rules and regulations! - The
Paramita The Perfections or Virtues -- noble qualities that we should
all strive to achieve. Here are two versions: 1. Generosity (P: dana)
2. Moral discipline (P: sila) 3. Patience and tolerance (P: khanti)
4. Wisdom or (full-) consciousness (P: pańńa) 5. Energy (P: viriya)
6. Renunciation (P: nekkhamma) 7. Truthfulness (P: sacca) 8. Determination
(P: adhitthana) 9. Loving kindness (P: metta) 10. Equanimity (P: upekkha)
1. Generosity (dana) 2. Moral discipline (shila) 3. Patience and tolerance
(kshanti) 4. Energy (virya) 5. Meditation (dhyana) 6. Wisdom or (full-)
consciousness (prajńa) 7. Skilled methods (upaya) 8. Vow or resolution
(pranidhana) 9. The ten powers or special abilities (dashabala) 10.
Knowledge (jńana) - The Brahma Vihara are the four "sublime states"
to which we all should aspire. They are the great signs of the Bodhisattva,
who vows to remain in samsara -- this world of pain and sorrow --
until all creation can be brought into the state of Nirvana together.
1. Maitri is caring, loving kindness displayed to all you meet. 2.
Karuna is compassion or mercy, the kindness shown to those who suffer.
3. Mudita is sympathetic joy, being happy for others, without a trace
of envy. 4. Upeksa is equanimity or peacefulness, the ability to accept
the ups and downs of life with equal dispassion. - This Sutra is a
record of the words of the Buddha to Sigalo, a young middle class
man, who was on his way to worship the six directions, east, west,
north, south, up, and down. His father had died and asked him to worship
in this very ancient fashion in remembrance of him. The Buddha, wishing
this ritual to have more meaning for the young man, advised him in
detail about how to live a good life as a layman. He phrased himself,
as he apparently so often did, using lists, and begins by warning
him against many of the evils of the layman's life. The four vices:
1. The destruction of life 2. Stealing 3. Sexual misconduct 4. Lying
The four things which lead to evil: 1. Desire, meaning greed, lust,
clinging 2. Anger and hatred 3. Ignorance 4. Fear and anxiety The
six ways one dissipates ones wealth: 1. Drinking and drugs 2. Carousing
late at night 3. Wasting away your time at shows 4. Gambling 5. Keeping
bad company 6. Laziness And he provides details regarding these last
six that demonstrate the manners in which drink, etc., lead to one's
downfall. Then he provides a lesson on friendship -- how to distinguish
good friends from bad friends. There are four types that are not really
your friends, but will make your life miserable in the long run: 1.
The leech who appropriates your possessions 2. The bull-shitter who
manipulates you 3. The boot-licker who flatters you 4. The party-animal
who encourages you to do the same A good friend, on the other hand,
is one who... 1. is always ready to help you 2. is steady and loyal
3. provides good advice 4. is sympathetic The Buddha even gives some
advice regarding one's finances: 1. One quarter of your earnings should
be used to cover your expenses. 2. Two quarters should be re-invested
in your business. 3. One quarter should be put into savings for times
of need.
HINDUISM
Divine
Teacher: Lord Krishna,
"The Blessed One" (1500 B.C.?)
Seed Idea: DETACHMENT
/ Foretold One To Come.
Civilization
Progress: Huge
Stone Temples - Early SuperstitionDegraded Womanhood - Ceremonial
- Magic - Early Krishna taught low morals and later higher standards
- Empires Slavery - Effects of Forced Labor - Blind Devotion - Beginning
of Individual Spiritual Progress.
Origin: India
Hinduism differs from Christianity and other Western
religions in that it does not have a single founder, a specific theological
system, a single system of morality, or a central religious organization.
It consists of "thousands of different religious groups that have
evolved in India since 1500 BCE." This religion is called: Sanatana
Dharma, "eternal religion," and Vaidika Dharma, "religion of the Vedas,"
and Hinduism -- the most commonly used name in North America. Various
origins for the word "Hinduism" have been suggested: It may be derived
from an ancient inscription translated as: "The country lying between
the Himalayan mountain and Bindu Sarovara is known as Hindusthan by
combination of the first letter 'hi' of 'Himalaya' and the last compound
letter 'ndu' of the word `Bindu.'" Bindu Sarovara is called the Cape
Comorin sea in modern times. 5 It may be derived from the Persian
word for Indian. It may be a Persian corruption of the word Sindhu
(the river Indus) It was a name invented by the British administration
in India during colonial times. The classical theory of the origins
of Hinduism traces the religion's roots to the Indus valley civilization
circa 4000 to 2200 BCE. Hinduism has commonly been viewed in the west
as a polytheistic religion - one which worships multiple deities:
gods and goddesses. Some have viewed it as a monotheistic religion,
because it recognizes only one supreme God: the pantheistic principle
of Brahman, that all reality is a unity. The entire universe is seen
as one divine entity who is simultaneously at one with the universe
and who transcends it as well. Hindus believe in the repetitious Transmigration
of the Soul. This is the transfer of one's soul after death into another
body. This produces a continuing cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth
through their many lifetimes. It is called samsara. Karma is the accumulated
sum of ones good and bad deeds. Karma determines how you will live
your next life. Through pure acts, thoughts and devotion, one can
be reborn at a higher level. Eventually, one can escape samsara and
achieve enlightenment. Bad deeds can cause a person to be reborn as
a lower level, or even as an animal. The unequal distribution of wealth,
prestige, suffering are thus seen as natural consequences for one's
previous acts, both in this life and in previous lives. Hindus organize
their lives around certain activities or "purusharthas." These are
called the "four aims of Hinduism," or "the doctrine of the fourfold
end of life." They are: The three goals of the "pravritti," those
who are in the world, are: dharma: righteousness in their religious
life. This is the most important of the three. artha: success in their
economic life; material prosperity. kama: gratification of the senses;
pleasure; sensual, sexual, and mental enjoyment. The main goal for
the "nivritti," those who renounce the world. is: moksa: Liberation
from "samsara," the This is considered the supreme end of mankind.
Meditation is often practiced, with Yoga being the most common. Other
activities include daily devotions, public rituals, and puja, a ceremonial
dinner for a God. Hinduism has a deserved reputation of being highly
tolerant of other religions. Hindus have a saying: "Ekam Sataha Vipraha
Bahudha Vadanti," which may be translated: "The truth is One, but
different Sages call it by Different Names".
SIKHISM
It
was founded in the 15th Century by Guru Nanak. The
word "Sikh" is Punjabi for "disciple" and Sikhs are disciples of the
Gurus. Sikh men are particularly easy to identify because they all
have a full beard, and wear their hair uncut and contained in a turban.
The Sikh place of worship is called a Gurdwara or temple. Sikhism
does not have priests, but most gurdwaras will have a Granthi. A Granthi
is a learned Sikh who is skilled in reading the scriptures, however,
a Granthi has no special religious status. The principle Sikh scripture
is the Adi Granth, often called the Guru Granth Sahib. Sikhs believe
that the words of these scriptures are the present day embodiment
of the Sikh Guru and they treat the book with the respect and devotion
that they would have given to a human Guru.
JUDAISM
Divine
Teacher: Moses,
"Interlocutor with God" (1571 B.C.?)
Seed Idea: JUSTICE
/ Ten Commandments / Golden Rule / Laws Punished by Death /
Foretold One To Come.
Civilization
Progress: Intellectual
Progress - Idolatry Prevalent - Mathematical Discoveries - Obedience
to 10 Commandments began slowly to raise level of morality - Ten Plagues
in Egypt - Influence of Davide and Solomon 1000 B.C. - Building of
Carthage 800 B.C. - Slavery - Saul First King of Israel 1040 B.C.
- Israel Promised To Be Preserved as a Nation - Progress in Goverment,
Justice and Desire to Learn - Spiritual Values.
Origin: Saudi Arabia?
Jews believe there is only one God. God created the
universe, and continues to keep it going. God has always existed,
and always will. God cannot be seen or touched. God can however, be
known through worship, and one can get closer to God through study
and through mystical practices. God chose the Jewish people as his
own special people, to be an example to all human beings. God gave
Torah to the Jews as a guide to the obedient and holy life he wanted
them to live. "The Messiah", who is a person specially anointed by
God (i.e. specially commissioned), will one day come to the world.
The arrival of the Messiah will bring an era of peace.
On the
first of Sivan, the first day of the third month after the exodus
from Egypt, the children of Israel reached the desert of Sinai and
camped near the mountain. During the few weeks of traveling in the
desert under Divine protection, with daily miracles, such as the manna
and the quail, the miraculous sweetening of the water, the defeat
of Amalek, and the crossing of the Red Sea, the Jewish people had
become more and more conscious of God. Their faith grew more intense
daily, until they attained a standard of holiness, solidarity and
unity, never achieved before or after by any other nation. Moses ascended
Mount Sinai, and God spoke to him the following words: "Thus shalt
thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel: 'Ye
have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles'
wings, and brought you unto Myself. Now, therefore, if ye will hearken
unto My voice indeed, and keep My covenant, then ye shall be Mine
own treasure from among all peoples; for all the earth is Mine; and
ye shall be unto Me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation.'" Moses
returned from Sinai and called for the elders of the people and put
all these words of God before them. Unanimously, with one voice and
one mind, the people answered: Naaseh Venishma, "Everything God has
said, we shall do." Thus they accepted the Torah outright, with all
its precepts, not even asking for a detailed enumeration of the obligations
and duties it involved. The entire people heard the words of God,
and they became frightened. They begged Moses to be the intermediary
between God and them, for if God Himself would continue to give them
the entire Torah, they would surely die. Moses told them not to be
afraid, for God had revealed Himself to them so that they would fear
Him and not sin. Finally, God gave Moses the two stone Tables of Testimony,
containing the Ten Commandments, written by God Himself. The Torah
contains 613 commandments, of which 248 are positive (what to do)
and 365 are negative (what not to do). The precepts and commandments
cover every phase of a Jew's life, both the duties to one's fellow
man and the way to worship G-d, in order to attain the highest moral
standards.
The Jewish people are taught to observe, and observe, the laws of
the Torah (Pentateuch, the five books of Moses). The Torah's social
laws and its social system provide the only known basis for a fair
and equitable society: for the existence of communities in which people
trust one another, co-operate with each other for the common good,
have freedom from oppression, have spiritual and material independence,
have a good life. The
books of the Prophets include: Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Jeremiah,
Ezekiel, Isaiah and Treassar (the 12 books of the Minor Prophets:
Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah,
Haggai, Zecharia, Malachi). In
all they have 48 prophets and 7 prophetesses whose prophecies were
recorded for their everlasting importance. In addition to them there
have been prophets in Israel in every generation, but because of the
fact that their prophecies were confined to their times alone, they
were not recorded.
ZOROASTRIANISM
Divine Teacher: Zoroaster,
"The Pure One" (800
B.C.)
Seed Idea: PURITY OF MIND
/ Foretold One To Come.
Civilization Progress: Struggle
between the good spirit Ahura-Mazda and the evil spirit Angra-Mainya
- Period of Empire Building - Spread of Culturs - Use of Metals.
Origin: Persia (Iran,
now)
The religion was founded by Zarathushtra - Zorastrian
Sacred Text: The Zorastrian holy book is called the Avesta. This includes
the original words of their founder Zarathushtra, preserved in a series
of five hymns, called the Gathas. The latter represent the core text
of the religion. The Gathas are abstract sacred poetry, directed towards
the worship of the One God, understanding of righteousness and cosmic
order, promotion of social justice and individual choice between good
and evil. The Gathas have a general and even universal vision. Their
worship includes prayers and symbolic ceremonies. Members are dedicated
to a three-fold path, as shown in their motto: "Good thoughts, good
words, good deeds". The Ten Commandments start like this: You shall
not commit adultery, kill, steal, covet," -The central theme which
emerges is again that Torah law provides and ensures equality, independence,
freedom from oppression and exploitation, and a good life of high
quality. The Jewish establishment argued against such laws so as to
expose the people to exploitation through need. The resulting struggle
changed Judaism, determined the fate of the Jewish people and gave
rise to Christianity and it is this struggle which is exposed here
to the light of day. In the application of basic Jewish law, there
are two sides, two policies. 'Power and wealth for a few at the expense
of the many' on the one side, 'Freedom, independence and a good life
for all' on the other.
ISLAM
Divine Teacher: Muhammad,
"The Beloved" (570-632 A.D.)
- Seal
of the Prophets ending the cycle of prophecies.
Seed Idea: SUBMISSION TO THE WILL
OF GOD - Taught
Immortality / Visions of Paradise / Warnings of Hell / Foretold One
To Come.
Civilization Progress: Moral
and Dietary laws - Liquor abolished - Colapse of Holy Roman Empire
1804 - Dark Ages Decline Civilizatios - Decay of Values, Morals, Manners,
Cultures - Reign of Terror 1793 - Inferiority of Women - Columbus
Discovered America 1492 - Beginning of Russian Empire 900 - Religious
Controversy - Great Persecution - Politics Corrupt around the world
- Byzantine Architecture 700 A.D. - Beginning of Universities, Libraries
- Mingling of Peoples, and Cultures - A New Spirit of Individualism
and Anti-Orthodoxy.
Origin: Mecca (Saudi
Arabia)
Prophet Muhammad, 570--632 AD Reflect upon God's
creation but not upon His nature or else you will perish. The oneness
of Allah is the one most important theological principal in Islam.
The first of the five pillars, the declaration of faith, which is
the first act that one does to embark on Islam, reiterates the necessity
of the belief in the oneness of Allah. It begins with the negation
of any god other than Allah: "I bear witness that there is no god
but Allah and that Mohammed is His messenger."
The Koran and the Sonna form the authoritative basis for the religion
of Islam. The Koran consists of laws, histories, legends and precepts
which Mohammed professed to receive directly from God or through the
Angel Gabriel. Mohammed could neither read nor write; so the Koran
in written form was unknown to him. It is divided into 114 chapters
and it is composed absolutely without any system of arrangement. It
has neither beginning, middle, nor end. The Sonna is a commentary
on the Koran and consists of Mohammed's sayings and doings, as handed
by tradition and reduced to writing about a century after the Hegira.
The Koran opposes the polytheism of Greece and Rome, as well as the
Christian doctrine of the Trinity. The faith of Islam in this particular
is embodied in this passage of the Koran: "There is no god but God."
Abraham, Moses and Jesus are viewed by Islam as being lesser prophets
than Mohammed who revealed the complete will of God to mankind. The
Koran teaches that on the last day the bodies of all persons shall
rise and they shall be judged according to their good or bad conduct
while on earth. Muslims are supposed to pray five times a day. The
Muslim fast is obligatory and is regarded as a means of gaining heaven.
The Quran: O mankind! We created you from a single soul, male and
female, and made you into nations and tribes, so that you may come
to know one another. Truly, the most honored of you in God's sight
is the greatest of you in piety. God is All-Knowing, All-Aware. --
49:13 - Allah, the god of all humanity, is perceived differently in
other religions. Since man would be limiting Allah by creating a physical
image of Him Muslims do not. Allah is as I said unique and superior
to His creations. Thus the biblical statement that was mentioned in
Genesis Ch1 v27 that God has created man in his own image is a view
that is not shared by Muslims. Allah, the Almighty, is ideal. He is
the 'Just' and the Judge, as well as the 'Avenger of Evil.' It follows
that to test mankind one must judge fairly and punish those who do
evil. An example of Allah's justness is that we are only accountable
for our own actions, unlike the Christian concept of the original
sin, for the Quran says that no bearer can bear a burden of another.
To be a Muslim it is essential to believe in the destiny, whether
good or bad, that Allah has set for us (known as Qadr in Arabic).
Quaker-Religious
Society of Friend
The origins of the Society are found in the seventeenth
century in England, a time when many were questioning the established
beliefs of the age. George Fox (1625-1691) did not find answers to
his questions in any of the churches of his day. Out of his searching
came the spiritual message which swept a large part of the country
and which resulted in the formation of the Religious Society of Friends.
Friends witnessed to an Alternative Christianity quite distinct from
the churches of the time. As a result they were persecuted both by
Cromwell's Puritan government and by the restored government of Charles
II. Fox did not intend to start a new sect. He wanted to persuade
the church to return to what it had been in the days of the Apostles.
He proclaimed the early preaching of Peter (Acts, chapter 2 and 3)
that Jesus, who had been present in the flesh, had risen from the
dead and was now come in the Spirit. That Jesus acted in the hearts
of his followers purifying and empowering them. Pursuing Peter's teaching,
Fox called for a radical, egalitarian, spirit-filled Christianity
that would not be oppressive of people on account of race, sex, or
class. He maintained that the message of the early church had been
lost when the church became institutionalized and believed that he,
and others with him, could stand in exactly the same state as Apostles,
with the same power to teach, to heal, and to prophesy that the Apostles
had.The Ministry of All Believers George Fox challenged the belief
of the Roman Catholic and Episcopal churches in the necessity for,
and the authority of, a hierarchical structure of Priests and Bishops.
He claimed that everyone was able to have a personal relationship
with the living Jesus without having to depend on the intercessions
of a Priest or Minister. He taught that there is one, Jesus Christ,
who can speak to each person's condition and the responsibility for
ministry therefore rested upon all. The Place of the Bible Friends
hold that the words of the Bible should not be taken as the final
revelation of God. The Books had been written by men who were acting
under the power of the Holy Spirit and it was necessary to read the
words in the power of the same spirit and to listen to what the Spirit
then spoke in your heart. The words were active agents in the sense
that, when read in the Spirit at the appropriate time, they would
spring to life for the reader and take the reader forward on his or
her spiritual journey. The Light Within George Fox preached the Good
News that we were all children of God and that, as children of God,
we had inherited powers from God. Each of us was given a measure of
this power or light and in accordance with how we used it, so more
would be given to us. Jesus had possessed this power or light, without
measure so that he became the Light and the Light within is Jesus
Christ. The Inner Voice Friends believe that if they wait silently
upon God there will be times when God will speak to them in the heart.
The silent Meeting of Friends is therefore the sacrament of communion
with God during which Friends lay themselves open to the leading of
the Spirit. George Fox often wrote about his ``openings'', meaning
revelations and it has been the experience of Quakers over the centuries
that ``openings'' will occur in the mind of that ``a way will open''.
Openings can come to individuals when they are alone or may come out
of the silence of a gathered Meeting for Worship. It is a perennial
question as to whether a leading comes from God, from one's own ego,
or from another power and it is the practice in the Society of Friends
to test a leading or a concern in a meeting with others. When they
meet for business Friends strive to obtain the ``sense of the meeting''
from those present before taking action for they recognize the light
as a force which creates unity among all who respond to it or who
``answer it in one another''. It does not follow that a majority is
always right; a prophetic role is a lonely one and, if a concern is
deeply felt and continues to be raised, the Meeting will continue
to hear it and may later come to recognize its validity. Equality
before God From the beginning Friends gave women and men equal status,
for the fact that we are all children of God bestowed an equality
upon all. This concept led to the testimony that one person should
not set himself above others through human honors and distinctions
which were meaningless in the sight of God. From this came the Quaker
practices of simple living, plain dress and plain speech. The Inward
and Outward Journeys One of the most important messages that Quakers
have to offer is that religion, or belief, is experiential. It is
not just a matter of accepting words or practices but of experiencing
God for oneself. The fact that God is always present means that the
whole of a person's life is sacramental; Friends affirm the need to
practice the presence of God in all activity. It follows, therefore,
that Friends emphasize the importance of combining the inward and
outward journeys. To take the inward without the outward will lead
to selfishness. You go inward to wait upon and receive the word and
support of God and then take this out to action in the world. To take
the outward journey without the inward leads to ``burn out'' because
the essential support is not there to be called upon. The Inward/Outward
Journey is the practical application of Jesus' summary of the Law:
``Love God and your neighbor as yourself.'' It is the inward/outward
process that has led Friends into pioneering social action such as
reforms of prisons, schools and mental institutions, improving conditions
of employment, supporting refugees and others in need, providing an
ambulance service in wartime and examining the consequences of proposed
legislation. The Peace Testimony As a Peace Church, the Society of
Friends has always played a leading part in opposing preparations
for war. The Peace Testimony, which is a very important Quaker principle,
arose out of the belief in the in-dwelling Light or ``that of God''
in people. If that of God was a reality within oneself it would be
denying the inner Spirit to take up arms against another. |
|
CHRISTIANITY
There are many different variations or "denominations". The major
division is between Orthodox and Western Christianity (which itself
is divided into Roman Catholicism and Protestantism). Protestant
churches rose out of protest against Roman Catholicism in the 16th
century.
Divine Teacher: Christ,
"Messiah, Redeemer"
(4 B.C.? - 33 A.D.) -
Advent of Christ in Jesus.
Seed Idea: SALVATION - LOVE - SERVICE
/ Crucifixion
/ Resurrection / Miracles / Parables / Symbols / Morals / Rituals
/ Redemption / Immortablity / Sacrifice / Foretold One To Come.
Civilization Progress: Gothic
Architecture 1200 AD - Slowly Awakening Spiritual Consciousness
with Devotion and Reverence but Growing Confusion of Beliefs - Purity
lost in rituals, creeds, materialism, desire for power. Wars in
all the known world.
Origin: Palestine - There
are no traces of its roots in either Assyria, Babylon, Egypt, Greece
or Rome.
Note: The
first Christians were Jewish Christians. The Pentateuch was of great
importance to them and they kept its laws, keeping the sabbath and
performing circumcision. Christian beliefs were spreading largely
among Jews, and Christianity was a group within Judaism. They were
called Jewish Christians because their membership consisted largely
of Jews who had joined them and followed their beliefs and teachings.
They believed Jesus was a prophet who had tried to make people more
aware of the intent of the Pentateuch and had tried to intensify
the application of its laws. As Jews had in any case to follow and
live according to the Pentateuch's laws, so what were Jews and Jewish
Christians arguing about? .
Baptist church
The Baptist Church beliefs: I. The Scriptures of
the Old and New Testament were given by inspiration of God, and
are the only sufficient, certain and authoritative rule of all saving
knowledge, faith and obedience. II. There is but one God, the Maker,
Preserver and Ruler of all things, having in and of himself, all
perfections, and being infinite in them all; and to Him all creatures
owe the highest love, reverence and obedience. III. God is revealed
to us as Father, Son and Holy Spirit each with distinct personal
attributes, but without division of nature, essence or being. IV.
God from eternity, decrees or permits all things that come to pass,
and perpetually upholds, directs and governs all creatures and all
events; yet so as not to destroy the free will and responsibility
of intelligent creatures. V. Election is God's eternal choice of
some persons unto everlasting life -- not because of foreseen merit
in them, but of his mere mercy in Christ -- in consequence of which
choice they are called, justified and glorified. VI. God originally
created man in His own image, and free from sin; but, through the
temptation of Satan, he transgressed the command of God, and fell
from his original holiness and righteousness; whereby his posterity
inherit a nature corrupt and wholly opposed to God and His law,
are under condemnation, and as soon as they are capable of moral
action, become actual transgressors. VII. Jesus Christ, the only
begotten Son of God, is the divinely appointed mediator between
God and man. Having taken upon Himself human nature, yet without
sin, He perfectly fulfilled the Law, suffered and died upon the
cross for the salvation of sinners. He was buried, and rose again
the third day, and ascended to His Father, at whose hand He ever
liveth to make intercession for His people. He is the only Mediator,
the Prophet, Priest and King of the Church, and Sovereign of the
Universe. VIII. Regeneration is a change of heart, wrought by the
Holy Spirit, who quickeneth the dead in trespasses and sins enlightening
their minds spiritually and savingly to understand the Word of God,
and renewing their whole nature, so that they love and practice
holiness. It is a work of God's free and special grace alone. IX.
Repentance. Repentance is an evangelical grace, wherein a person
being, by the Holy Spirit, made sensible of the manifold evil of
his sin, humbleth himself for it, with godly sorrow, detestation
of it, and self-abhorrence, with a purpose and endeavor to walk
before God so as to please Him in all things. X. Saving faith is
the belief, on God's authority, of whatsoever is revealed in His
Word concerning Christ; accepting and resting upon Him alone for
justification and eternal life. It is wrought in the heart by the
Holy Spirit, and is accompanied by all other saving graces, and
leads to a life of holiness. XI. Justification is God's gracious
and full acquittal of sinners, who believe in Christ, from all sin,
through the satisfaction that Christ has made; not for anything
wrought in them or done by them; but on account of the obedience
and satisfaction of Christ, they receiving and resting on Him and
His righteousness by faith. XII. Those who have been regenerated
are also sanctified, by God's word and Spirit dwelling in them.
This sanctification is progressive through the supply of Divine
strength, which all saints seek to obtain, pressing after a heavenly
life in cordial obedience to all Christ's commands. XIII. Those
whom God hath accepted in the Beloved, and sanctified by His Spirit,
will never totally nor finally fall away from the state of grace,
but shall certainly persevere to the end; and though they may fall,
through neglect and temptation, into sin, whereby they grieve the
Spirit, impair their graces and comforts, bring reproach on the
Church, and temporal judgments on themselves, yet they shall be
renewed again unto repentance, and be kept by the power of God through
faith unto salvation. XIV. The Lord Jesus is the Head of the Church,
which is composed of all his true disciples, and in Him is invested
supremely all power for its government. According to his commandment,
Christians are to associate themselves into particular societies
or churches; and to each of these churches he hath given needful
authority for administering that order, discipline and worship which
he hath appointed. The regular officers of a Church are Bishops,
or Elders, and Deacons. XV. Baptism is an ordinance of the Lord
Jesus, obligatory upon every believer, wherein he is immersed in
water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
Spirit, as a sign of his fellowship with the death and resurrection
of Christ, of remission of sins, and of his giving himself up to
God, to live and walk in newness of life. It is prerequisite to
church fellowship, and to participation in the Lord's Supper. XVI.
The Lord's Supper is an ordinance of Jesus Christ, to be administered
with the elements of bread and wine, and to be observed by his churches
till the end of the world. It is in no sense a sacrifice, but is
designed to commemorate his death, to confirm the faith and other
graces of Christians, and to be a bond, pledge and renewal of their
communion with him, and of their church fellowship. XVII. The Lord's
Day is a Christian institution for regular observance, and should
be employed in exercises of worship and spiritual devotion, both
public and private, resting from worldly employments and amusements,
works of necessity and mercy only excepted. XVIII. God alone is
Lord of the conscience; and He hath left it free from the doctrines
and commandments of men, which are in anything contrary to His word,
or not contained in it. Civil magistrates being ordained of God,
subjection in all lawful thing commanded by them ought to be yielded
by us in the Lord, not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake.
XIX. The bodies of men after death return to dust, but their spirits
return immediately to God -- the righteous to rest with Him; the
wicked to be reserved under darkness to the judgment. At the last
day, the bodies of all the dead, both just and unjust, will be raised.
XX. God hath appointed a day, wherein he will judge the world by
Jesus Christ, when every one shall receive according to his deeds;
the wicked shall go into everlasting punishment; the righteous,
into everlasting life. - God has not changed. God’s Word has not
changed. - If we claim faithfulness to Him and His Word, we cannot
change or compromise!
Catholic
Church
The Catholic beliefs: I. To gain the happiness of
heaven we must know, love, and serve God in this world. Man must
know, love and serve God in a supernatural manner in order to gain
happiness of heaven. Man is raised to the supernatural order only
by grace, a free gift of God. II. We learn to know, love, and serve
God from Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who teaches us through the
Catholic Church. III. In order to be saved, all persons who have
attained the use of reason must believe explicitly that God exist
and that he rewards the good and punishes the wicked; in practice
they must also believe in the mysteries of the Blessed Trinity and
the Incarnation. IV. By the Blessed Trinity we mean one and the
same God in three divine persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy
Ghost. V. By the Incarnation is meant that the Son of God, retaining
His divine nature, took to Himself a human nature, that is, a body
and soul like ours. VI. The Church is the congregation of all baptized
persons united in the same true faith, the same sacrifice, and the
same sacraments, under the authority of the Sovereign Pontiff and
the bishops in communion with him. VII. We find the chief truths
taught by Jesus Christ through the Catholic Church in the Apostles'
Creed.
Catholics must follow THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF GOD
I am the Lord your God; you shall not have strange gods before me.
You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain. Remember
to keep holy the Lord's day Honor your father and your mother. You
shall not kill. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not steal.
You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. You shall
not covet your neighbor's wife. You shall not covet you neighbor's
goods. THE CHIEF COMMANDMENTS OR LAWS, OF THE CHURCH To assist at
Mass on all Sundays and holy days of obligation. To fast and abstain
on the days appointed. To confess our sins at least once a year.
To receive Holy Communion during the Easter time. To contribute
to the support of the Church. To observe the laws of the Church
concerning marriage. Christians throughout history have always regarded
sin not only as a transgression of divine law but also--though not
always in a direct and evident way -- as contempt for or disregard
of the friendship between God and man, just as they have regarded
it as a real and unfathomable offense against God and indeed an
ungrateful rejection of the love of God shown us through Jesus Christ,
who called his disciples friends and not servants. They
are 7 sacrements: BAPTISM is one of them. Baptism is the sacrament
that frees man from original sin and from personal guilt, that makes
him a member of Christ and His Church. It is
thus the door to a new and supernatural life. Baptism is necessary
for salvation. The genuine significance of Catholic devotion to
Mary is to be seen in the light of the Incarnation itself. The Church
cannot separate the Son and the Mother. Mary, who was empty of all
egotism, free from all sin, was as pure as the glass of a very clean
window that has no other function than to admit the light of the
sun (Son). If we rejoice in that light, we implicitly praise the
cleanness of the window. Prayer For Peace O Lord Jesus Christ, Who
said to Your Apostles: "Peace I leave with you, My peace I give
to you," regard not my sins but the faith of Your Church, and deign
to give her peace and unity according to Your Will: Who live and
reign, God, world without end. Amen.
Christian
Reformed Church
The beliefs and doctrine of the Christian Reformed
Church are based on the Holy Bible, God's infallible written Word
contained in the 66 books the Old and New Testaments. We believe
that it was uniquely, verbally and fully inspired by the Holy Spirit
and that it was written without error (inerrant) in the original
manuscripts. It is the supreme and final authority in all matters
on which it speaks. As followers of Jesus Christ, living in this
world-- which some seek to control, but which others view with despair--
we declare with joy and trust: Our world belongs to God! --from
the Preamble. Humanity is created in the image of God; all theorizing
that minimizes this fact and all theories of evolution which deny
the creative activity of God are rejected. The clear teaching of
Scripture and the confessions rules out holding views that support
the reality of evolutionary forebears of the human race. But further
investigation or discussion regarding the origin of humanity should
not be limited. Scripture teaches that beverages containing alcohol
can be a blessing or a source of evil. Those who drink alcohol must
consider its effects on themselves and on others. Abstinence from
alcohol may be an appropriate moral response in particular situations,
but it is not demanded by Scripture and therefore should not be
demanded by the church. According to Scripture, all Christians must
avoid drunkenness. Though abstinence from alcohol is a morally creditable
choice, those who, in their freedom in Christ, choose to use alcohol
moderately are not to be condemned. The church should provide pastoral
care and guidance for alcoholic church members and their families,
including intervention and discipline when necessary. In light of
what has been learned about the risks involved in the use of beverages
containing alcohol, congregations were asked to examine the traditional
practice of using wine in the sacrament of holy communion. Many
churches are choosing to use grape juice out of deference to those
with alcohol problems. Scripture, the saving revelation of God in
Jesus Christ, addresses us with full divine authority in its total
extent and in all its parts, and therefore the CRC speaks of the
Bible as the inspired and infallible Word of God. The authority
of Scripture is inseparable from the historical reality of the events
recorded in it. Interpreted historical events are presented in Scripture
not simply as isolated events but for their revelational meaning.
Scripture is self-authenticating; it is not dependent on the findings
of science, but these findings may lead to a better understanding
of Scripture and must be developed within a Christian community
which is faithful to the authority of Scripture.
Christian because they belong to Jesus Christ
and want to be his followers. We recognize as fellow-Christians
all people who accept the teachings of the Bible as summarized in
the Apostle’s Creed. Reformed because they're part of that
historic branch of the Christian church that follows the teachings
of 16th-century reformer John Calvin, who struggled to return Christianity
to its biblical roots. Church because God has called them
to be a fellowship of his people in the world.
The
Episcopal Church
The official standard is the Book of Common Prayer,
but some parts of that are more clearly doctrinal than others. Their
beliefs are quite diverse: Of the going down of Christ into Hell.
Of the Resurrection of Christ. Of the Holy Ghost. Of the Sufficiency
of the Holy Scriptures for Salvation. Of the Old Testament. Of the
Creeds. Of Original or Birth Sin. Of Free Will. Of the Justification
of Man. Of Good Works. Of Works before Justification. Of Works of
Supererogation. Of Christ alone without Sin. Of Sin after Baptism.
Of Predestination and Election. Of obtaining eternal Salvation only
by the Name of Christ. Of the Church. Of the Authority of the Church.
Of the Authority of General Councils. Of Purgatory. Of Ministering
in the Congregation It is not lawful for any man to take upon him
the office. Of Speaking in the Congregation in such a Tongue as
the people understandeth. Of the Sacraments. Of the Unworthiness
of the Ministers, which hinders not the effect of the Sacraments.
Of Baptism Of the Lord's Supper. Of the Wicked, which eat not the
Body of Christ in the use of the Lord's Supper.Of both Kinds. Of
the one Oblation of Christ finished upon the Cross. Of the Marriage
of Priests. Of excommunicate Persons, how they are to be avoided.
Of the Traditions of the Church. Of the Homilies. Of Consecration
of Bishops and Ministers. Of the Power of the Civil Magistrates.
Of Christian Men's Goods, which are not common. Of a Christian Man's
Oath.
The Church
of God
The Worldwide Church of God is a Christian denomination.
The Worldwide Church of God has members in more than 120 countries
and territories. As part of the body of Christ, our mission is to
proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ around the world and to help
members grow spiritually (Matthew 28:19-20). As a Spirit-led body
of believers, the church is exhorted, "Grow in the grace and knowledge
of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ" (2 Peter 3:18). The Spirit
of God leads the church into all truth (John 16:13). Accordingly,
this Statement of Beliefs is not a closed creed. The Worldwide Church
of God constantly renews its commitment to truth and deeper understanding
and responds to God's guidance in its beliefs and practices. Their
beliefs are: In one holy, loving, all-powerful, and gracious Creator
God who exists in three Persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. That
the Bible is the inspired and infallible Word of God, fully authoritative
for all matters of faith and practice. That Jesus Christ, born of
the virgin Mary, fully God and fully human, is both Lord and Savior.
That Jesus Christ suffered and died on the cross for human sin,
that he was raised bodily on the third day, and that he ascended
to heaven and sits at the right hand of God the Father. That Jesus
Christ will come again to judge the living and the dead and to reign
over all things. In the Holy Spirit, who brings sinners to repentance,
who gives eternal life to believers, and who lives in them to conform
them to the image of Jesus Christ. That Christians should gather
in regular fellowship and live lives of faith that make evident
the good news that humans enter the kingdom of God by putting their
trust in Jesus Christ. In the spiritual unity of all believers in
our Lord Jesus Christ. That salvation comes not by works, but only
by God’s grace through faith in Jesus Christ. In the resurrection
of the dead and the life of the world to come. Bible prophecy reveals
God and his will and purpose for humanity. In Bible prophecy, God
declares that human sinfulness is forgiven through repentance and
faith in the saving work of Jesus Christ. Prophecy proclaims God
as Sovereign Creator and Judge of all, assures humanity of his love,
mercy, and faithfulness, and motivates the believer to live a godly
life in Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ, as he promised, will return
to earth to judge and reign over all nations in the kingdom of God.
His second coming will be visible, and in power and glory. This
event inaugurates the resurrection and reward of the saints. (John
14:3; Revelation 1:7; Matthew 24:30; 1 Thessalonians 4:15-17; Revelation
22:12) - The Millennium is the time span described in the book of
Revelation during which Christian martyrs reign with Jesus Christ.
After the Millennium, when all enemies have been put under his feet,
and all things made subject to him, Christ will deliver the kingdom
to God the Father, and heaven and earth will be made new. Some Christian
traditions interpret the Millennium as a literal 1000 years to precede
or follow the return of Jesus, while others believe that the scriptural
evidence points to a figurative interpretation: an indeterminate
time span commencing with Jesus’ resurrection and concluding with
his return. (Revelation 20:1-15; 21:1, 5; Acts 3:19-21; Revelation
11:15; 1 Corinthians 15:24-25)
The Evangilical
Lutheran Church
The ELCA, along with other Lutheran churches, can
trace its roots directly to the Protestant Reformation that took
place in Europe in the 16th century. By the late 1500s the Reformation
had spread throughout Europe. Followers of Martin Luther's teachings
were labeled "Lutherans" by their enemies and adopted the name themselves.
Strong belief in the inerrancy of the Bible. "A Brief Statement"
had been adopted in 1932, stating: Since the Holy Scriptures are
the Word of God, it goes without saying that they contain no errors
or contradictions, but that they are in all their parts and words
the infallible truth ...
The
Roman Catholic Church
It is the largest of the Christian denominations.
It believes in the primacy and authority of the Bishop of Rome (the
Pope), who is traditionally regarded as Christ's representative
on earth and the successor of St Peter (one of Jesus' disciples
and the first Bishop of Rome).
Three important beliefs about Christian origins by the Roman Catholic
church are: Jesus assigned to Peter the responsibility of creating
the Christian church. Peter was the first pope. At his death, his
work was continued by a continuous succession of popes. The 1st
century CE popes were: St. Peter (30 to 67 CE, approximately) Linus
( 67 to 76) Cletus (76 to 88) Clement of Rome (88 to 97) St Evaristus
(97 to 105) 1 The Roman Catholic church was a fully functioning
organization with authority centered at Rome, as early as the middle
of the 1st century. "History proves that from that time [of Peter]
on, both in the East and the West, the successor of Peter was acknowledged
to be the supreme head of the [Christian] Church." 2 Jesus' Apostles
ordained bishops, who in turn ordained the next generation of bishops.
This continuous line of ordination, called the apostolic succession,
has continued down to the present day. Thus the authority for the
ordination of a new bishop today could theoretically be traced back
as far as the individual Apostles -- except that accurate records
were not kept in the early decades of the Christian movements. These
beliefs conflict with those of many liberal theologians and religious
historians who maintain that: The Bible describes Jerusalem as being
the initial center of Christianity, with James the brother of Jesus
at its head. The book of Acts, Paul's epistles, and others describe
Paul as being the main founder and supreme authority of the Gentile
churches -- that is of Pauline Christianity. Meanwhile, Jesus' disciples
formed the Jewish Christian movement centered in Jerusalem, under
the leadership of James, the brother of Jesus. Peter probably did
not write any part of the Christian Scriptures (New Testaments).
1 Peter was probably not written by Peter; 2 Peter certainly was
not. The author of the 1 Peter claims that Peter was only an elder.(1
Peter 5:1) Although churches are mentioned in the Christian Scriptures
(as in Revelation 1:4) they are described as independent groups,
apparently not part of a religious organization that is centrally
controlled from Rome. Siricius, who reigned at the end of the 4th
century CE, was the first bishop of Rome to be called pope. Pope
Leo I, who reigned from 440 to 461 CE was the first to claim that
the bishop of Rome was highest ranking of the bishops of the church.
It took many centuries before the pope could speak for the church.
Before that, all decisions affecting Christendom had to be settled
by all of the bishops meeting together, as at the Council of Nicea
in 325 CE. The early Pauline congregations were informal faith communities.
A formal, hierarchical organization only came much later.
Moravian
Moravians recognize the example of Christ's life
and proclaim that Jesus Christ is Lord. Living the Christian life
depends not only on our own effort, but upon God our Father, who
in Jesus Christ accepts us as heirs of God and strengthens and sustains
us. In baptism we are united with Christ in his death and resurrection,
so we have died to sin and should walk in newness of life. We deem
it a sacred responsibility and genuine opportunity to be faithful
stewards of all God has entrusted to us: our time, our talents,
and our financial resources. We view all of life as a sacred trust
to be used wisely. Moravians support collegial experiences with
children of God in other Christian churches, and carefully avoid
all disputes, respecting opinions and ceremonies peculiar to one
or another Church. We recognize that through the grace of Christ
different denominations have received many gifts and that the Church
of Christ may be enriched by these many and varied contributions.
It is our desire that we may learn from one another and rejoice
together in the riches of the love of Christ and the manifold wisdom
of God. We welcome every step that brings us nearer the goal of
unity in Him. In this fellowship we cooperate with other churches
in the support of public charities or Christian enterprises, which
have a just claim upon us as followers of the Lord Jesus Christ.
A basic motto: In accepting other creeds of the Christian Church
(such as the Apostles' Creed, Nicene Creed, the Augsburg Confession)
and in its practice, the Moravian Church has always stood by its
motto: "In essentials, unity; in nonessentials, liberty; and in
all things, love."
Presbyterian Church
The Presbyterian Church in America has a strong commitment
to evangelism, missionary work at home and abroad, and to Christian
education. From its inception, the church has determined its purpose
to be “faithful to the Scriptures, true to the reformed faith, and
obedient to the Great Commission.” In this new century, the Presbyterian
Church in America continues its commitment to evangelism world-wide
and the building up of the Church of our Lord Jesus Christ. Beliefs
of the Presbyterian Church in America:1. The Bible is the inspired
and inerrant Word of God, the only infallible rule of faith and
practice. 2. There is one God, eternal and self-existing in three
persons (Father, Son and Holy Spirit) who are to be equally loved,
honored, and adored. 3. All mankind participated in Adam's fall
from his original sinless state and is thus lost in sin and totally
helpless. 4. The Sovereign God, for no other reason than His own
unfathomable love and mercy, has chosen lost sinners from every
nation to be redeemed by the quickening power of the Holy Spirit
and through the atoning death and resurrection of His son, Jesus
Christ. 5. Those sinners whom the Spirit quickens, come to believe
in Christ as Savior by the Word of God, are born again, become sons
of God, and will persevere to the end. 6. Justification is by faith
and through it the undeserving sinner is clothed with the righteousness
of Christ. 7. The goal of God's salvation in the life of the Christian
is holiness, good works, and service for the glory of God. 8. At
death the Christian's soul passes immediately into the presence
of God and the unbeliever's soul is eternally separated from God
unto condemnation. 9. Baptism is a sign of God's covenant and is
properly administered to children of believers in their infancy
as well as to those who come as adults to trust in Christ. 10. Jesus
Christ will return to earth, visibly and bodily, at a time when
He is not expected, to consummate history and the eternal plan of
God. 11. The Gospel of God's salvation in Jesus Christ must be published
to all the world as a witness before Jesus Christ returns. The Presbyterian
Church in America is one of the fastest-growing denominations in
the United States. "Reformed" defines the doctrinal beliefs of the
PCA, which holds that the purist expressions of scriptural doctrine
are found in the Calvinistic creeds, particularly the Westminster
Confession of Faith. The PCA's representative form of church government
is rooted in its name -- presbyterian. Local churches are governed
by elders (presbyters) elected by the church members. This form
of government extends through the regional presbyteries, which facilitate
connectionalism, to the national General Assembly, which expresses
PCA's connectionalism and the bond of union between/among all the
churches.
United
Methodist Church
With Christians of other communions we confess belief in the triune
God—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This confession embraces the biblical
witness to God’s activity in creation, encompasses God’s gracious
self-involvement in the dramas of history, and anticipates the consummation
of God’s reign. Although we recognize that God’s revelation and
our experiences of God’s grace continually surpass the scope of
human language and reason, we also believe that any disciplined
theological work calls for the careful use of reason. By reason
we read and interpret Scripture. By reason we determine whether
our Christian witness is clear. By reason we ask questions of faith
and seek to understand God’s action and will.We believe good works
are the necessary fruits of faith and follow regeneration but they
do not have the virtue to remove our sins or to avert divine judgment.
They believe good works, pleasing and acceptable to God in Christ,
spring from a true and living faith, for through and by them faith
is made evident.The Church in mission is a sign of God’s presence
in the world. The United Methodist Church believes God’s love for
the world is an active and engaged love, a love seeking justice
and liberty. We cannot just be observers. So we care enough about
people’s lives to risk interpreting God’s love, to take a stand,
to call each of us into a response, no matter how controversial
or complex. The Church helps us think and act out a faith perspective,
not just responding to all the other "mind-makers-up" that exist
in our society. The Social Principles are a prayerful and thoughtful
effort on the part of the General Conference to speak to the human
issues in the contemporary world from a sound biblical and theological
foundation as historically demonstrated in United Methodist traditions.
They are intended to be instructive and persuasive in the best of
the prophetic spirit. The Social Principles are a call to all members
of The United Methodist Church to a prayerful, studied dialogue
of faith and practice. (See ¶ 509.) We, the people called United
Methodists, affirm our faith in God our Creator and Father, in Jesus
Christ our Savior, and in the Holy Spirit, our Guide and Guard.
Mormons
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - The basic beliefs
of the church are: We believe in God, the Eternal Father, and in
His Son, Jesus Christ, and in the Holy Ghost. We believe that men
will be punished for their own sins, and not for Adam’s transgression.
We believe that through the Atonement of Christ, all mankind may
be saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the Gospel.
We believe that the first principles and ordinances of the Gospel
are: first, Faith in the Lord Jesus Christ; second, Repentance;
third, Baptism by immersion for the remission of sins; fourth, Laying
on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost. We believe that a man
must be called of God, by prophecy, and by the laying on of hands
by those who are in authority, to preach the Gospel and administer
in the ordinances thereof. We believe in the same organization that
existed in the Primitive Church, namely, apostles, prophets, pastors,
teachers, evangelists, and so forth. We believe in the gift of tongues,
prophecy, revelation, visions, healing, interpretation of tongues,
and so forth. We believe the Bible to be the word of God as far
as it is translated correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon
to be the word of God. We believe all that God has revealed, all
that He does now reveal, and we believe that He will yet reveal
many great and important things pertaining to the Kingdom of God.
We believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the restoration
of the Ten Tribes; that Zion (the New Jerusalem) will be built upon
this the American continent; that Christ will reign personally upon
the earth; and, that the earth will be renewed and receive its paradisiacal
glory. We claim the privilege of worshiping Almighty God according
to the dictates of our own conscience, and allow all men the same
privilege, let them worship how, where, or what they may. We believe
in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates,
in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law. We believe in being
honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous, and in doing good to
all men; indeed, we may say that we follow the admonition of Paul—We
believe all things, we hope all things, we have endured many things,
and hope to be able to endure all things. If there is anything virtuous,
lovely, or of good report or praiseworthy, we seek after these things.
The Book of Mormon is another witness that Jesus Christ really lived,
that He was and is God’s Son. It contains the writings of ancient
prophets. One of these, Lehi, lived in Jerusalem around 600 B.C.
God commanded Lehi to lead a small group of people to the American
continent. There they became a great civilization. God continued
to call prophets among these people. People are expected to pay
10 percent of their income to move forward the work of the Church.
Through the ordinance of baptism, they make a promise, called a
covenant, with God. They promise to accept Christ, to become His
followers, and to keep His commandments to the end of our lives.
In return, our Heavenly Father promises to forgive their sins and
let them return to live with Him, provided they keep our covenants.
The gift of the Holy Ghost is given by someone who has priesthood
authority from God. It is given by the laying on of hands after
a person is baptized.
Jehovah's
Witness
THE modern history of Jehovah's Witnesses began more
than a hundred years ago. In the early 1870's, a rather inconspicuous
Bible study group began in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., which
is now a part of Pittsburgh. Charles Taze Russell was the prime
mover of the group. In July 1879, the first issue of the magazine
Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence appeared. By
1880 scores of congregations had spread from that one small Bible
study into nearby states. In 1881 Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society
was formed, and in 1884 it was incorporated, with Russell as president.
The Society's name was later changed to Watch Tower Bible and Tract
Society. Many were witnessing from house to house offering Bible
literature. JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES believe in Almighty God, Jehovah,
Creator of the heavens and the earth. Their belief is: Bible is
God's Word and is truth; Bible is more reliable than tradition ;
Christ is God's Son and is inferior to Him ; Christ was first of
God's creations ; Christ died on a stake, not a cross ; Christ's
human life was paid as a ransom for obedient humans ; Christ's one
sacrifice was sufficient ; Christ was raised from the dead as an
immortal spirit person ; Christ's presence is in spirit ; We are
now in the 'time of the end' ; Kingdom under Christ will rule earth
in righteousness and peace ; Kingdom will bring ideal living conditions
to earth ; Earth will never be destroyed or depopulated ; God will
eliminate present system of things in the battle at Har-Magedon
; Wicked will be eternally destroyed ; People God approves will
receive everlasting life; There is only one road to life ; Human
death is due to Adam's sin ; The human soul ceases to exist at death
; Hell is mankind's common grave ; Hope for dead is resurrection
; Adamic death will cease ; Only a little flock of 144,000 go to
heaven and rule with Christ ; The 144,000 are born again as spiritual
sons of God ; New covenant is made with spiritual Israel ; Christ's
congregation is built upon himself ; Prayers are to be directed
only to Jehovah through Christ ; Images should not be used in worship
; Spiritism must be shunned ; Satan is invisible ruler of world
; A Christian ought to have no part in interfaith movements ; A
Christian should keep separate from world ; Obey human laws that
do not conflict with God's laws ; Taking blood into body through
mouth or veins violates God's laws ; Bible's laws on morals must
be obeyed ; Sabbath observance was given only to Israel and ended
with Mosaic Law ; A clergy class and special titles are improper
; Man did not evolve but was created ; Christ set example that must
be followed in serving God ; Baptism by complete immersion symbolizes
dedication ; Christians gladly give public testimony to Scriptural
truth. |